Financial Statements


Three primary financial statements are listed below. Analysis of risk, trends etc. makes frequent use of ratios. Leverage (the ratio of loans to equity) increases potential return as well as risk; higher leverage normally demands higher rates of return. Independent audits are expected to confirm basic accuracy of the statements or to call attention to exceptions to  general accounting principles.


Balance Sheet   (at a point of time: e.g. end of fiscal year)

            Assets            Liabilities
                                  Equity


Income statement   (over a period of time: e.g. a fiscal year)

            Sales and other income

            - Costs (including depreciation, interest on debt, etc.)

            = Profit


Statement of cash flows   (over a period of time: e.g. a fiscal year)

            Receipts

            - Expenditures

            = Net cash flow