Canadian "New Perspective"  Gave special focus to lifestyle/disease prevention
 

Determinant of Health	Characteristic
Biology	Little opportunity to control
Environment	Major contributor to improved health during the past century, through public health
Health care	Limited contribution to improved health, major cause of increased costs.
Lifestyle	Primary opportunity for future improvement in health

Lalonde, Marc. 1974. A New Perspective on Health of Canadians; A Working Document. Ottawa: Canadian Department of National Health and Welfare. 

Also: Fuchs, Victor R. 1974. Who Shall Live? Health, Economics, and Social Choice. New York: Basic Books. 

U.S. For further information:

U.S. Healthy People (1990, 2000, 2010)

Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report

Guide to Clinical Preventive Services

Institute of Medicine (IOM) For further information:
1988. The Future of Public Health. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
2002. The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century. D.C.: National Academy Press.

Health Maintenance Organizations  Presumed to shift incentives to encourage disease prevention and health promotion for patients, in order to avoid expenses of health care treatments.

Population Based Medicine  Providers and payers working with populations, rather than individuals only, for disease prevention and health promotion.

A Caution: Real concerns about costs, discrimination, risks, etc. For further information: Stone, Deborah A. 1987. The Resistible Rise of Preventive Medicine, in Health Policy in Transition, Lawrence D. Brown (ed.). Durham: Duke University Press. Reprinting of Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, Vol. 11, Number 4.